Santa Monica Bay Environmental Progress

January 7, 2016

105

The State of the Bay 2015 report, produced by the Santa Monica Bay National Estuary program over a five-year period, is published a today as a special issue of Urban Coast: http://urbancoast.org/. It is a science-based comprehensive assessment of the environmental conditions of Santa Monica Bay and its watershed.

The report’s primary goals are to measure progress in restoring the Bay’s natural habitats and resources, to educate the public about the Bay’s valuable natural resources, and to identify the challenges facing scientists and managers charged with the protection and management of the Bay and its watershed. It is the fifth The report celebrates progress in water resources management and improving habitat conditions as a result of restoration efforts. The report examines the work still to be done in these areas, and identifies emerging issues to be tackled in the next five years.

Most habitats in most areas of the Bay and its watershed are degraded to some degree due to human disturbances. With a continuously growing population, it would be nearly impossible for this not to be the case. The report includes discussion and articles pertaining to seven habitats—Freshwater Aquatic and Riparian, Coastal Wetlands, Sandy Shores, Rocky Intertidal, Rocky Reefs, Soft-Bottom Benthos, and Coastal Pelagic—with status, trends, and suggested improvement projects.

Key findings include:

Restoration efforts in habitats such as Malibu Lagoon and Palos Verdes Kelp Forest have resulted in marked improvements in ecosystem structure and function. Monitoring data show that restoring coastal and marine habitats through the removal of non-native and over-abundant species, planting of native species, and other adaptive management strategies at the restored sites are working to improve the biodiversity, ecosystem structure, and function of these important habitats.
Levels of harmful bacteria found on beaches in Santa Monica Bay have been greatly reduced during dry weather conditions due to municipalities’ efforts to reduce runoff and improve water quality. These efforts include both water conservation and Low Impact Development stormwater management strategies. The result is a measurable improvement in beach water quality.
Agencies and organizations working in the Bay are increasingly coordinating to improve water resources management. Careful consideration has been given to the inputs and outputs of traditional water management, with an understanding that drought, climate change, and water pollution need to be considered collectively as we look to improve water security and a healthy environment in L.A. and in Santa Monica Bay.
Beaches as habitats are greatly impacted due to human traffic and beach grooming. Beaches are naturally dynamic, eroding and building due to storms and other factors. Many man-made barriers, now limit the ability of beaches to remain resilient in the face of rising seas and increased storm action leaving private and public infrastructure vulnerable. The Soft-Bottom habitat of the Bay is continuing to improve—physically, chemically and biologically—with no dead zones, primarily due to reductions in DDT, PCB and mercury concentrations in the sediment, coupled with considerable reduction in suspended solids in wastewater treatment effluent. These results are based upon decades-long monitoring.
The quality of effluent discharged from wastewater treatment plants in the Bay has improved steadily since the 1980s. However, human population growth has increased the human-derived nutrient loading into the ocean as part of the treated wastewater. With 225 million gallons/day discharged from the Hyperion outfall alone, nutrient contributions to the ocean are almost equivalent to what the ocean brings into the Bay naturally. The nutrients are influencing ecological conditions in the Bay and the rest of the Southern California Bight in ways that alter the planktonic community and may limit the ability of marine organisms to produce calcium carbonate shells (i.e. snails, clams and sea urchins).
The many creeks and streams in the Santa Monica Bay watershed continue to be impacted by pollution. Heavy metals, toxins, chemicals and trash continue to impact creeks and streams limiting their ability to support healthy ecosystems. These streams convey land-based sources of pollution to coastal ecosystems and Santa Monica Bay beaches. There are ongoing efforts across various groups to monitor trash and pollution to better understand the sources and impacts of these pollutants on fresh water systems. New regulations that require trash free creeks and streams will reach full effect in 2021, with expected corresponding reductions in other pollutants.

Increasing the rigor of the assessment process from that used for the 2010 report was a high priority for Prof. Richard Ambrose, UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability and Department of Environmental Health Science, who chaired the TAC. The committee and outside experts developed a new assessment framework that can be applied to all major types of habitats in the Bay in a consistent manner, across indicator categories that help determine habitat health.